Izinhlobo Zokusebenza Kwezakhiwo Zezakhiwo zikakhonkolo 9-8

Izinto zokwakha ukhonkolo, ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo eziyingqayizivele zisetshenziswa kabanzi ukwakha isici sokwakha.Kumele ithululelwe esikhunjeni esiklanywe ngokukhethekile, esibizwa ngokuthi i-formwork noma i-shuttering.

I-formwork bamba ukhonkolo othululiwe umumo kuze kube yilapho uqina futhi uzuza amandla anele okuzisekela futhi uhlele isisindo sempahla.I-formwork ingahlukaniswa ngezindlela eziningi:

• Ngezinto zokwakha
• Ngendawo esetshenzisiwe

I-formwork inendima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kukakhonkolo.Kufanele ibe namandla anele ukuthwala yonke imithwalo ekhona ngesikhathi sokusebenza kokulingisa, futhi kufanele ibambe ukuma kwayo ngenkathi ukhonkolo uqina.

Yiziphi Izidingo Zokusebenza Kwefomu Elihle?

Nakuba ziningi izinto zokwakha, okulandelayo yizici zokusebenza ezijwayelekile ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokwakha ukhonkolo:

1. Ikwazi ukuthwala isisindo sebhere.
2. gcina ukuma kwayo ngezisekelo ezanele.
3. Ukhonkolo ungavuzi.
4. Ukhonkolo awonakele lapho ususa i-formwork.
5. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zingasetshenziswa kabusha futhi zigaywe kabusha ngemva kwesikhathi sokuphila.
6. engasindi
7. I-formwork material akufanele isonte noma ihlanekezele.

Izinhlobo ze-formwork by material:

I-Timber Formwork

I-Timber formwork yayingenye yezinhlobo zokuqala ezake zasetshenziswa.Ihlanganiswe esizeni futhi iwuhlobo oluguquguqukayo kakhulu, olwenziwe ngezifiso kalula.Izinzuzo zayo:

• Kulula ukukhiqiza nokususa
• Ilula, ikakhulukazi uma iqhathaniswa ne-metallic formwork
• Ukusebenza, okuvumela noma yikuphi ukuma, usayizi nokuphakama kwesakhiwo esikhonkolo
• Ezomnotho kumaphrojekthi amancane
• Ivumela ukusetshenziswa kwezingodo zendawo

Nokho, kukhona futhi babe nokushiyeka:inesikhathi esifushane sokuphila futhi idla isikhathi kumaphrojekthi amakhulu.Ngokuvamile, i-formwork yamapulangwe iyanconywa lapho izindleko zabasebenzi ziphansi, noma lapho izingxenye zekhonkrithi eziyinkimbinkimbi zidinga ifomu eliguquguqukayo, isakhiwo sokwakha asiphindaphindiwe kakhulu.

I-Plywood Formwork

I-plywood ivame ukusetshenziswa ngokhuni.Kuyimpahla eyenziwe ngokhuni, etholakala ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene nobukhulu.Kuzicelo ze-formwork, isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi u-sheathing, u-decking kanye nokwakhiwa kwama-linings.

I-Plywood formwork inezakhiwo ezifanayo njenge-formwork yamapulangwe, okuhlanganisa amandla, ukuqina kanye nokuba lula.

I-Metallic Formwork:Insimbi ne-Aluminium

I-formwork yensimbi iya idume kakhulu ngenxa yempilo yayo ende yesevisi nokusetshenziswa kabusha okuningi.Nakuba kubiza, ukwakhiwa kwensimbi kuyasebenziseka kumaphrojekthi amaningi, futhi kuyinketho esebenzisekayo uma amathuba amaningi okusetshenziswa kabusha elindelwe.

Okulandelayo ezinye zezici eziyinhloko ze-steel formwork:

• Iqinile futhi ihlala isikhathi eside, nempilo ende
• Idala isiphetho esibushelelezi ezindaweni ezikhonkolo
• Ingangeni manzi
• Yehlisa umphumela we-honeycombing kukhonkolo
• Ifakwe kalula futhi ihlakazwe
• Ifanele izakhiwo ezigobile

I-aluminium formwork ifana kakhulu ne-steel formwork.Umehluko omkhulu ukuthi i-aluminium ine-density ephansi kunensimbi, okwenza i-formwork ibe lula.I-Aluminium nayo inamandla aphansi kunensimbi, futhi lokhu kufanele kucatshangelwe ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa.

Plastic Formwork

Lolu hlobo lwe-formwork luqoqwe kusuka kumaphaneli ahlanganisiwe noma izinhlelo ze-modular, ezenziwe ngepulasitiki engasindi futhi eqinile.Ifomu lepulasitiki lisebenza kahle kakhulu kumaphrojekthi amancane ahlanganisa imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo, njengezindlu ezingabizi kakhulu.

I-formwork yepulasitiki ilula futhi ingahlanzwa ngamanzi, kuyilapho ifaneleka izingxenye ezinkulu nokusetshenziswa kabusha okuningi.I-drawback yayo eyinhloko ukuba nokuguquguquka okuncane kunokhuni, njengoba izingxenye eziningi zenziwa ngaphambili.

Ukuhlukanisa Ifomu Lokusebenza Ngokususelwe Ezingxenyeni Zesakhiwo

Ngaphezu kokuhlukaniswa ngezinto ezibonakalayo, i-formwork ingabuye ihlukaniswe ngokuya ngezinto zokwakha ezisekelwayo:

• I-Wall formwork
• Ikholomu formwork
• Ifomu le-Slab
• I-Beam formwork
• Isisekelo sefomu

Zonke izinhlobo ze-formwork zenziwa ngokuya ngesakhiwo ezisisekelayo, futhi izinhlelo zokwakha ezihambisanayo zicacisa izinto kanye nokuqina okudingekayo.Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwe-formwork kuthatha isikhathi, futhi kungamela phakathi kuka-20 no-25% wezindleko zesakhiwo.Ukuze unciphise izindleko ze-formwork, cabangela izincomo ezilandelayo:

• Izinhlelo zokwakha kufanele ziphinde zisebenzise izakhi zokwakha namajiyometri ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuvunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwefomu.
• Lapho usebenza nge-formwork yamapulangwe, kufanele isikwe ibe yizicucu ezinkulu ngokwanele ukuthi ziphinde zisetshenziswe.

Izakhiwo zikakhonkolo ziyahlukahluka ngomklamo nenjongo.Njengezinqumo eziningi zephrojekthi, ayikho inketho engcono kunezinye kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza;ifomu elifaneleka kakhulu lephrojekthi yakho liyahlukahluka kuye ngomklamo wokwakha.